The Jamnagar Refinery

The Jamnagar Refinery is a private sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 with an installed capacity of 668,000 barrels per day (106,200 m3/d). It is the largest refinery in the world.

Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) on 25 December 2008 announced the commissioning of its refinery in a Special Economic Zone at Jamnagar, Gujarat in India. With the completion of the RPL refinery, Jamnagar has emerged as the ‘Refining Hub of the World’ with the largest refining complex with an aggregate refining capacity of 1.24 million barrels (197,000 m3) of oil per day in any single location in the world.

The globally competitive RPL refinery was completed in 36 months from concept to commissioning, which was a new benchmark for building a grass-root refinery of this scale and complexity. RPL achieved the milestone by leveraging the project management skills of the Reliance group together with world-class implementation partners like Bechtel, UOP LLC and Foster Wheeler amongst others.

World's largest refineries

Name of Refinery
Location
Barrels per Day

Jamnagar Refinery (Reliance Industries limited)
Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
1,240,000

Baytown Refinery (ExxonMobil)
Baytown, TX, USA
572,500

Baton Rouge Refinery (ExxonMobil)
Baton Rouge, LA, USA
503,000

Hovensa LLC
Virgin Islands, USA
350,000

Abadan Refinery
Iran
450,000

Marathon Petroleum Company
Garyville LA, USA
436,000

Royal Dutch Shell Pernis Refinery
Netherlands
416,000

Fawley Southampton Refinery (ExxonMobil)
Southampton, United Kingdom
347,000

Kirishi Refinery (Surgutneftegas)
Kirishi, Russia
337,000

Flint Hills Resources
Corpus Christi TX, USA
288,000

Chevron Richmond Refinery
Richmond CA, USA
240,000

Saudi Aramco Yanbu Refinery
Yanbu, KSA
235,000

BREATHER VALVES

Breather Valves help in breathing of the storage, In and Out. These are mainly designed to prevent Vapour losses, Evaporation, Over Pressure, Storage buckling,negative pressure (Vacuum).


Breather Valves suit chemical conditions, Temperature and Blanketing systems. In case of over pressure, due to high IN flow to the storage, pressure inside is balanced to normal. While withdrawing the liquid, from the storage creates vacuum inside the storage. As we know that vacuum is such a negative pressure, which can hold the liquid from drawing Out or buckle the vessel. In both the cases Breather Valves play very important role in the total system.

Breather Valves are designed in reference to API 2000. Spring loaded pallets can also be furnished. In case the vapour of the stored fluid could be cause of pollution, flanged unit can convoy through inlet & outlet tubes, these vapour in a safety zone.

Digboi-The birthplace of Indian Oil Industry!

It is said that the town gets its name from the phrase "dig-boy-dig," which is what the English told the labourers as they dug for crude oil. The town's history begins in 1867 when a small group of men from the Assam Railway and Trading Co. found their elephants' legs soaked in black mud, that smelt somewhat like oil. The men began exploring more, and in 1889, the English started a small oil installation. India (and Asia) obtained its first refinery in Digboi in the year 1901. Today, though the crude production is not high, Digboi has the distinction of being India's oldest continuously producing oilfield. The Digboi refinery is the world's oldest oil refinery still in operation.
The Digboi Refinery was set up at Digboi in 1901 by Assam Oil Company Ltd.. The Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOC) took over the refinery and marketing management of Assam Oil Company Ltd. with effect from 1981 and created a separate division. This division has both refinery and marketing operations. The refinery at Digboi had an installed capacity 0.50 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum). The refining capacity of the refinery was increased to 0.65 MMTPA by modernization of refinery in July, 1996. A new delayed Coking Unit of 1,70,000 TPA capacity was commissioned in 1999. A new Solvent Dewaxing Unit for maximizing production of microcrystalline wax was installed and commissioned in 2003. The refinery has also installed Hydrotreater to improve the quality of diesel.



The world's first commercial oil well was drilled in 1859, by Col Willam Drake in Pennsylvania, USA.

LPG Gas Cylinder's Expiry Date

Have U ever heard about LPG gas cylinder's expiry date....!!

Expired Cylinders are not safe for use and may cause accidents. In this regard please be cautious at the time of accepting any LPG cylinder from the Agency.

Here is how we can check the expiry of LPG cylinders:

On one of three side stems of the cylinder, the expiry date is coded alpha numerically as follows A or B or C or D and some two digit number following this e.g. D06.

The alphabets stand for quarters -

1. A for March (First Qtr),

2. B for June (Second Qtr),

3. C for Sept (Third Qtr),

4. D for December (Fourth Qtr).

The digits stand for the year till it is valid.

For Example Please see the Image below

Expired Cylinder Image

Hence D06 would mean Fourth quarter of 2006. Please Return Back the Cylinder that you get with an Expired Date, they are prone to Leak and other Hazardous accidents .......


Valid Cylinder Image



The second example with D13 allows the cylinder to be in use until December2013.

The difference between octane rating and cetane number or rating?

Answer:

Octane number is the measure of the resistance of gasoline against detonation or preignition of the fuel in the engine. it is measured relative to the mixture of iso octane (2,2,4 trimethylpentane) and n-heptane. A fuel with 100 octane has the same preignition properties as 100% 2,2,4 trimethylpentane.
Higher octane fuel has a greater resistance to autoignition under higher combustion pressure and heat. While octane is not a measure of power, higher octane allows more power to be extracted from the fuel by using higher compression and

Cetane number is the measure of combustion quality of diesel oil or it is the measure of the ignition delay. the higher the cetane number of diesel the shorter the ignition delay, and the greater the fuel quality, and vice versa. A short delay affords more time for diesel fuel to burn completely.


Both Cetane Number (CN) and Octane Number, known also as Research Octane Number (RON), are expressions of the autoignition resistance of a fuel. The differences are significant for each fuel type. In diesel fuel, the fuel needs to ignite quickly to provide more time to complete burning. Cetane expresses the speed to autoignite in a diesel engine. Diesels need early ignition since they do not have spark plugs and distributors. A high cetane fuel acts like a timing advance, igniting the fuel during the compression stroke, thereby allowing a more complete burn as the piston gets to the top dead center.


Gasoline engines use ignition systems to trigger the combustion process in fuel. The higher Octane Number means the opposite that a high Cetane Number means, but offers the same for performance. In a gasoline engine with higher compression, the ignition system starts combustion before the piston finishes compressing the fuel. A high octane fuel supports even flame propagation under high heat and compression. This means that the fuel burns at a steady rate and speed even under high pressure. Lower octane fuels will predetonate under high heat and pressure conditions. This means that the fuel will have multiple unstable flames. Without a single front, this causes pressure wakes in the combustion chamber, and robs the engine of power. The fuel is consumed in small explosions, like popcorn in a pan, rather than one single explosion pushing the piston. This preigniting popcorn is known as knocking and pinging because of the sound, and is indicative of this loss of power due to combustion instability.

• High cetane in diesel allows the fuel to start burning early in the compression stroke of a diesel for more performance. Higher cetane means more performance in diesel, since no diesel has no external ignition timing control.
• High octane in gasoline allows the fuel to resist preignition under high pressure and heat, and allows a steady propagation of a single explosion to push the piston once the fuel is combusted by the ignition system.
• Cetane and diesel are opposite in what they measure, but the result is the same. High cetane has a low resistance to preignition, while high octane has a high resistance to preignition; both high cetane and high octane provide the ability to extract more power from fuel.